home and community based services

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The July 14 article in McKnight’s Long-Term Care News, “Home care aides in most states hovering near poverty line, analysis shows,” describes a terrible situation where the wages of personal and home care aides (PHCA) have not risen to the level where aides can make a living on what they are paid.

PHCAs, or direct care workers, have difficult jobs, and we need to pay them at a wage that will attract the best people to the field. The problem is that there is an increasing demand for services, but most Medicaid rates for services have not kept up with inflation or have decreased due to state budget cuts.

Increases in regulatory requirements for Medicare and Medicaid without increases in payments have further complicated the problem of having available revenue to pay PHCAs at a better rate.

Finally, there are a few corporate for-profit providers that are looking more at profit margins, than staff turnover and staff competencies. To solve this problem, states need to take advantage of the additional funding for home and community-based services from the new health care reform law.

Also, we are moving toward a quality-based reimbursement system where care outcomes will mean higher reimbursement. This change may help providers increase wages to attract the best staff for the job.

Direct Care Worker Retention: Strategies for Success, a report from AAHSA’s Institute for the Future of Aging Services, reviews how we can improve wages and retention of direct care workers. Take a look.

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Part of my weekly routine is to have a cup of coffee and read the Washington Post on Sunday morning. It used to be The New York Times when I lived in New York.

One of my favorite writers for the Post is Michelle Singletary. When you read her articles, it’s like she is sitting in your living room counseling you on how to stay within your budget.

“I shouldn’t have bought that John Deere Riding Mower, but I love the green and yellow color. Sorry Michele!”

This past Sunday, Michelle wrote about the stress and challenges of helping her 81 year old father-in-law find a place to live while he recuperates from surgery. She talked about the option of home and community-based services and assisted living. I was especially glad that she mentioned the wonderful services that are available at the Veterans Administration.

I have been a caregiver for family members many times during my life. I also had a different view of caregivers when I worked as a director of a geriatric assessment and case management program. It is important as a caregiver to include the senior in the decision-making process.

Also, I found that it was useful to discuss your parent’s or grand-parent’s wellbeing with other family members and the primary-care physician in order to create a plan before an emergency situation arises.

As the director of home and community-based services here at the AAHSA, I see quality not for profit assisted living, nursing care facilities, adult day services, programs of all–inclusive care for the elderly (PACE), hospice and home health services serve seniors with compassion that results in quality care.

What’s more, future advances in technology will enable caregivers to do even more for their loved ones (check out the “Imagine the Future“ video from our Center for Aging Services Technologies).

For caregivers, the AAHSA has a lot of good information for consumers. For example, we provide a variety of information on choosing the right elder care services.

It is important that we continue to have articles like Michelle’s article in the Post…articles that  educates the public about elder care services and how to deal with the stress of care giving.

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The article, “Spouses Face Hurdles When caring for Themselves, Ill Loved Ones
by Paula Span alerts us to the need to help caregivers succeed. They provide the majority of care for individuals who are frail, and would be in a nursing home if it wasn’t for a dedicated and loving wife or husband.

Over the years, I’ve heard too many times from seniors who were caring for a disabled, frail spouse that they just can’t afford to care for their spouse at home, and that his or her only choice is a nursing home.

It must be devastating for a couple who are married for 50 plus years to be separated because one spouse needs to receive his or her long-term care services in a nursing home because they can’t afford to receive the care at home.

The problem is that Medicaid law for nursing home eligibility allows the healthy spouse to keep more income and assets compared to the Medicaid law for home and community-based care.

The new health care reform law helps this situation by changing the spousal Medicaid eligibility requirements for home and community-based services (HCBS) to be the same as nursing homes spousal Medicaid eligibility. This change will increase the number of individuals that are eligible for Medicaid HCBS. The expansion of Medicaid eligibility is only good for the period of Jan. 1, 2014 to Dec. 31, 2018.

Also, the president’s 2011 budget expands the funding for the National Family Caregiver program and supportive services by including an additional $102.5 million in funding to pay for adult day services, home care, transportation and other needed services.

It makes sense to invest in keeping families together. This concept is not a Democrat idea or a Republican idea.

It is an American idea.

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Today is Wider Opportunities for Women’s blog day. I promised a friend and colleague that I would post something about the federal budget. But I didn’t want to write about just facts and figures. I wanted my post to reflect both my professional interest and my personal passion for supporting seniors. So, here goes…

When I want to sleep in an extra 10 minutes on Monday morning or put off helping a friend, I think about my grandmother. Her 85 years can be summed up in one word: sacrifice. She had to leave school in the 8th grade to take care of her grandmother. She’d didn’t learn how to drive because her rural Kentucky family didn’t have a car. Pursuing a career wasn’t an option for her. She raised three (and I might add, college-educated) children instead. She sacrificed so we could succeed. And it goes without saying that I am grateful.

I always knew that my grandmother didn’t have much money. The money I got in my birthday card usually came in fives and tens instead of fifties and hundreds. She lives off a small pension from my grandfather’s former employer and a month Social Security check. You can imagine it isn’t always enough. Last year, my father and aunt bought my grandmother mattress for Christmas because she couldn’t afford her own. Medicare doesn’t cover the complete cost of her diabetes medication or the lift chair she needed after she broke her hip. Most of the money she has left goes toward bills, food and yes, the occasional shopping trip to Kohl’s (her favorite department store).

I don’t want you to feel sorry for my grandmother, but I also think her days of sacrifice should be over. I don’t think my grandmother’s only long-term care choice should be a Medicaid bed in a nursing home. I don’t think she should depend on the kindness of family and friends for a ride to the grocery store or help around the house.  I think our government can do more for her. That’s why I would encourage President Obama to fund home and community-based services programs in the federal budget. She represents the millions of seniors who don’t have the funds for long-term care options, but deserve to age with dignity and independence. And through my professional experience, I know there are programs that can help her achieve that goal.

I know I’m not the only grateful granddaughter out there…. it’s time for our seniors’ sacrifice to end.

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Charles Darwin said, “It is not the strongest of the species that survive, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.”

The May 20th article in the Wall Street Journal by Clare Ansberry was a testimony to politicians in some states who are not responsive to change. Cutting life-saving services, such as home care for persons with disabilities and frail older individuals, is not only cruel, but costly in the long run since the person will probably need more costly nursing home care.

The individual in the article from South Carolina could have been or still could be helped in her own home. It means that the state of South Carolina has to be responsive to change in these difficult times. Americans have a history of getting through difficult times: World War I, the Great Depression, and World War II. The key to success is having proactive leaders.

South Carolina dropped their Money Follows the Person grant years ago even though it would have brought more federal Medicaid dollars to the state. That made no sense. Now, the new health care reform law increases the funding for Money Follows the Person, and extends the coverage to the 20 states that are not in the grant program…that includes South Carolina.

Ms. Hickey, the disabled women who is losing her services, would have benefited from this federal funding. Instead of blaming the health care reform bill for the economic demise of the state budget in South Carolina, the governor, Mark Sanford, should use the provisions that enable states to obtain more federal dollars for improving the access to Home and Community-based services.

The Community First option in the health care reform bill would give South Carolina an additional 2% of federal Medicaid funds for personal care services. The home and community-based re-balancing provision will give South Carolina and other states that apply an additional 5% of federal funding these services.

State governors need to put politics and ideology aside, and use the opportunities in health care reform to benefit their constituents.

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President Obama’s proposed 2011 budget, submitted to Congress yesterday, calls for many initiatives that will help advance the aging-services field. Here are the highlights:

Extending Medicaid Match. The administration  called for extending by 6 months the increased federal Medicaid match that originated with last year’s American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. Many states are still hurting from the effects of the recession and this additional funding will be needed well into 2011 to prevent cuts in services for older adults.

Medicare Payment Update. Many Medicare and Medicaid issues that otherwise might appear in the budget are still tied up in health reform legislation.  AAHSA’s priority is  ensuring that our members  receive the regular Medicare payment update in 2011, whether in health care reform or budget legislation.

Affordable Housing: Good and Bad. The good news is that the Administration listened to our proposal for making the Section 202 senior housing program the platform for the delivery of supportive services. The bad news is that while the program is revamped, the administration requested  no new funding to expand the Section 202 program. We will urge Congress to restore funding for new capital advances in the fiscal year 2011 budget and spending legislation.

Older Americans Act Programs. President Obama also requested a 7.4% funding increase for Older Americans Act programs that will help providers develop and expand home and community-based services programs and support caregivers in the community. There is also a focus on eliminating fraud and abuse in Medicare will help improve health care for older adults.

Jobs. The administration is emphasizing jobs.  We must emphasize that senior housing construction equals jobs.  Services that help people stay at home equals jobs. Improved Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement equals jobs.

The next step is up to Congress.  That’s why we’re asking you to contact your legislators and urge them to support proposals to enhance aging services and to add resources that will enable their older constituents to receive  the services they need, when they need them, in the place they call home. We’ll post another update once Congress starts their work on the budget process.

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Tomorrow, we are joining numerous organizations in calling members of Congress to tell them that the time is now to pass meaningful health care reform. For AAHSA members, elders, people with disabilities and their families, that means:

  • Community Living Assistance and Supportive Services (CLASS) provisions.
  • Medicare payment update for nursing homes and home health.
  • Improvements in Medicaid for nursing homes and home and community-based services.
  • Improvements in prescription medication coverage.

Please  call (800) 828-0498 from 8:30 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern and express your support. Our Web site features a sample script and ideas for spreading the message.

Since the Massachusetts election, Washington has been in a frenzy. From “woe is me” to euphoria, depending on your point of view. The talk-show pundits are in ideological argument heaven! The swing of one Senate vote, though important in the chemistry of the Senate on some important matters, misses two important points:

  1. The needs that health reform is supposed to meet are still critical and urgent.
  2. Congress’ mission is to advance policy legislation, not just to get reelected.

As to the needs:

  • There are still millions of uninsured people (some of your family and friends are among them).
  • We are all still vulnerable to loss of insurance coverage.
  • There are still only three options to pay for long-term services and supports: pay out of pocket with no help, private long-term care insurance if you qualify and can afford it, and Medicaid if you deplete your assets and choose legal self-imposed poverty.
  • Caregiving responsibilities for post-acute care are still a problem for 35 million people every day — most are women who also work.
  • Medicaid is still inadequate and unsustainable, is biased toward institutional care and rations home and community-based services.
  • Paradoxically, nursing homes are still under-reimbursed and over-regulated.
  • There are still seniors who choose between food and medicine because of the doughnut hole problem.
  • America still pays more for health care than any country in the world and has lower quality outcomes than many.

I understand that political ideology is involved — right and left. Rigidity all around. It freezes conversation and sometimes makes enemies of friends. So, let me tell you about Linda and her dad, Bob (situation disguised for confidentiality reasons). Bob is a long-time friend. We grew up together — were part of the same religious groups and participated in the same Bible studies, support groups and mission projects. Linda and my son are contemporaries.

Our friends in the same group are all over the political map. One is an elected official from one party, another a major fund raiser for another party. Politics was a topic for jocular jousting most of our lives — nothing more. What unites us is faith, our struggles with family issues, death of loved ones, commitment to common causes and the good times we’ve had. We all love each other. Politics has never intruded on that basic dynamic.

The health care reform debate tested those bonds recently. The canned rhetoric from both sides was rampant — too much of it either wrong or intentionally distorted on both sides of the political aisle.

In conversation with Bob, I found myself in the “Yeah, but…” mode and he responded in kind, with each of us with sharing some facts and figures to support of position. A microcosm for the stalemate we see in the media every day.

Though I feared starting an argument, I asked Bob about his daughter Linda’s health care insurance coverage. Linda has had a chronic illness since a young age, but her job provides health insurance. I asked Bob if he worried about Linda’s insurance. “Yes, I do,” he said. “She has coverage now, but her company is small and her condition is not likely to be cured anytime soon.”

I asked him if Linda had any coverage for long-term services and supports in the (God forbid) event she became partially disabled — not uncommon for a person with her condition. “No, I haven’t really thought about that, but she has no coverage.” I shared with him my own concern about my loved ones who have no coverage or are vulnerable to the lack of it.

The conversation changed, as did the tone of it. We both agreed that, regardless of ideology, health care in America is not adequate until Bob and I have coverage for our families. We both agreed to write our senators — his are in one party, mine in the other — with this message: “Until health care covers real people situations, Congress and the White House have a responsibility to fix this major national problem now!” Real people are at risk, which is secondary to anyone’s re-election in my book.

It is time for urgent, courageous leadership. History lampoons political ditherers and do-nothings. It elevates leaders. Great political leaders in my lifetime from Truman to Reagan, from Bush to Obama, all had courage in the heat of ideological battles to take stands on vital issues. That strength of leadership is what we admire most about them.

Too many people are vulnerable, including your family, Bob’s family and my family. Health care needs to be reformed now, most especially to address the needs of our growing population of elderly and people with disabilities. Our country cannot afford to do otherwise, morally or financially. So do your part. Make the call tomorrow. Encourage others to do the same. Be a leader.

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I’ve heard before the adult day services (ADS) are popular, but now there’s statistics behind that statement (courtesy of AAHSA’s Home and Community-Based Services Report). A study by the MetLife Mature Market Institute and The Ohio State University College of Social Work identified 4,601 ADS programs in the United States.  That’s a 26 percent increase from just seven years ago.

There’s no question that the growth of  adult day is good. But how can organizations afford to maintain this vital program? One answer is the Medicare Adult Day Services Act of 2009.

This proposed legislation would  allow Medicare beneficiaries to use adult day service programs that are certified, licensed, or accredited under an approved accreditation agency to provide post-acute services under Medicare.

Right now, people who need  post-acute care have two options: move into a nursing home or hire a home health agency. This legislation would offer them a new way to receive high quality, and cost-effective, services and still be active members of their communities. 

The legislation also a much-needed remedy to the financial “growing pains” many adult day service providers are feeling.  Contact your member of Congress and tell them why this bill can help this popular, and important, service grow.

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Over six million Americans 65 or older need long-term care services. An average of 16 percent of this group is eligible for Medicaid. Two percent use reverse mortgages to help pay for these needed services, and long-term care insurance pays for less than five percent of long-term care costs. The median income of older persons is only $23,500 for males and $13,603 for females.

So how can they afford to pay for home and community-based long-term care? There is a solution to this problem. A nationally known economic consulting firm commissioned by AAHSA reported on one possible scenario where for about 73 cents per day after a five year vesting period, older adults and persons with disabilities would receive up to $75 per day to pay for long-term care services.

What services could they receive with $75 a day? According to a 2008 MetLife survey, the average daily rate, including transportation, for adult day services is $64 a day. Adult day services provide nursing and personal care, meals, recreation, case management, transportation and rehabilitation services.

Hope Alzheimer’s Center in Cranston, R.I., serves a number of older adults who would need nursing home care, if it wasn’t for their quality services. A good example is Jean, a 78-year-old widow who resides with her daughter and son-in-law. She has a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and requires assistance with bathing and medication administration. The combination of state funding and family payment for the adult day program is $48.16 per day.

Our Long-Term Care Solution project would enable other older adults who want to remain in their own homes to receive needed services at one of the 4000 adult day service programs in the U.S.

Read more about AAHSA’s Long-Term Care Solution Project.

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On Thursday, Sen. Max Baucus (D-Mont.) released his proposal for reforming America’s health care system. It’s the first of many expected to come out of Congress and the Obama administration over the next few months.

There are many things to like about the Baucus proposal. The first is technology. The idea that increasing technology’s application in health care is a good one…it promises to improve quality and decrease costs at the same time. That’s why AAHSA started our Center for Aging Services Technologies, or CAST. They’ve been doing research to show first-hand how technologies like medication reminders or sensors that can keep seniors safe in their homes can transform the way we care for older adults.

Then there’s service coordination. The Baucus plan calls for a person’s various health care providers to work together. This call for a seamless delivery system will help providers achieve better outcomes for patients and increase the quality (and value) of the services that insurance and government programs support.

For AAHSA members, that quality connection is particularly relevant on Medicare cost reports. Staffing is the best proxy to quality we have. Separating staffing data on these reports, and more important, rewarding providers with high staffing ratios is an important step in ensuring the highest-quality care.

I can’t forget about Medicaid reform. Baucus’ proposal includes a call to change the program so that beneficiaries have more opportunities to receive the care and services they need at home and in their communities.  Right now, the Baucus proposal focuses strictly on health services. But it’s important to remember that housing and supportive services for seniors can help keep these individuals healthy and lower nursing home costs. That’s why funding is needed for these programs too.

And last, but not least, is the most significant inclusion (to us) in the proposal: long-term care. Baucus believes that “long-term care services and supports constitute a significant portion of national health spending, and changing to a home-based model of care could improve quality of care and reduce costs.”

But that isn’t enough. For real change, we have the transform how we pay for long-term care. The foundation of AAHSA’s Long-term Care Solution is a national insurance trust to finance a system that offers consumer choice, equity of benefits, and fiscal responsibility for individuals while reducing dependence on the Medicaid program to finance long-term supports and services.

It’s great that Baucus brought LTC to the table. Now, it’s time for programs that can make if affordable to care to join it.

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